A certain collection of it, do not miss . (B )Chapter
a base layer, column reinforcement
based Reinforcing = thickness of the base - the upper protective layer + steel stretching the length of + Max {10D, 200mm}
II , base, base, hoop hoop
only play a solid role in the role, it can be said to be to prevent the torsion bar in the pouring action. Is usually calculated by 2 (the software is based on three.)
Chapter
a middle layer, column longitudinal reinforcement
1, KZ middle layer of the longitudinal reinforcement = story - out of the current layer on the ground floor height + reach the height of the ground floor, two
column stirrup
1, KZ middle layer of the root of the number of hoops one encrypted area = N / encrypted area of non-encrypted space + N + area / non-encrypted area spacing -1
03G101 -1 in stirrups on an encrypted column area are as follows
1) the first floor column stirrup three encrypted areas, namely: the length of the lower stirrup encrypted area to take Hn / 3; upper take Max {500 , long side column size, Hn / 6}; beam joint range of encryption; if the column uses banding lap, lap within the same time it needs to be encrypted.
2) above the first floor column stirrups were: upper and lower parts of the stirrups were removed and the length encryption Max {500, column length edge size, Hn / 6}; beam joint range of encryption; if the column uses banding lap, lap within the same time it needs to be encrypted. KZ III
top top
different because of their location, into corner posts, side columns and column, and thus a variety of anchoring the top of column longitudinal reinforcement vary. (See page 03G101-1 s 37,38)
one corner posts corner posts
the top layer of clear height of longitudinal reinforcement length = Hn + top steel anchor value, then the prism value of the top steel anchor is how to consider it?
; bend anchor (Lae): girder - protective layer +12 d
a, inside the anchorage length of straight steel anchor (Lae): Leung, - protective layer
; ; 1.5Lae
b, the outer anchorage length of steel columns at the top of the first layer: high beams - protective layer + column width - protective layer +8 d
column at the top of the second layer: Leung - protective layer + column width - protective layer
Note: GGJ V8.1, the inside of the curved steel bar anchorage length Anchor (Lae): Leung, - protective layer +12 d
; ; ; direct anchoring (Lae): Leung, - protective layer
lateral reinforcement anchorage length = Max {1.5Lae, Leung - protective layer + column width - protective layer}
Second, the top side of longitudinal column reinforcement
side column length = Hn + top layer of clear height steel anchor value, then the top edge of steel anchor column value is how to consider it?
side column longitudinal reinforcement of the anchor into the top inside and outside of reinforced steel anchor anchor:
a, the length of the inside bend steel anchor bolt (Lae ): Leung, - protective layer +12 d
; straight Anchor (Lae): Leung, - protective layer
b, lateral reinforcement anchorage length: 1.5Lae
Note: GGJ V8.1, the inside of the curved steel bar anchorage length of anchor (Lae): Leung, - protective layer +12 d
direct anchoring (Lae): Leung, - protective layer
; lateral reinforcement anchorage length = Max {1.5Lae, Leung - protective layer + column width - protective layer}
three column
top longitudinal reinforcement in the column length = Hn + clear height of the top layer of reinforced anchor value, then the value column is how the top bar anchorage consider it?
top longitudinal reinforcement in the column to bend the anchorage length anchor (Lae): Leung, - protective layer +12 d
direct anchoring (Lae): girder - protective layer
Note: GGJ V8.1, the processing above.
Chapter board
in practical engineering, we know that board panels and cast into precast panels, this is mainly of cloth Slab reinforcement situation.
Ligament are: muscle force (one-way or two-way, single or double), bearing negative reinforcement, distribution of tendons, additional reinforcement (additional radiation corner bars, additional reinforced hole), shoring bars ( when the support bar on the lower layer).
one
software tendon force, tendon force is based on the length of the calculation grids.
axis force tendon length = size + left + right anchor + anchor both ends of the hook (in the case of grade Ⅰ bars).
root number = (axis length - reduced value) / fabric reinforcement spacing +1
Second, negative reinforcement and distribution of muscle
negative reinforcement negative reinforcement length = length + left + right bending bent
negative reinforcement root number = (cloth reinforcement range - reduced value) / fabric reinforcement bar spacing +1
distribution range of length = length of the negative reinforcement layout - deduct the value of negative reinforcement negative reinforcement distribution
root number = negative reinforcement bars input The length of the interface of negative reinforcement / distribution space +1
three tendons, additional reinforcement (additional radiation corner bar, an additional reinforcement hole), support bars (when the support bar on the lower layer)
direct calculation based on the actual situation reinforcement length, root number can be, can be used directly in the software input method based computing. Chapter FAQ
Why steel calculation, 135o hooks in software that we counted as 11.9d?
calculation of our software in the hoop is actually taken 11.9D hook with the results of measuring the difference, we know that hook straight length is 10D, then measure the difference should be 1.9D, 1.9D below this measure we derive about the origins of the difference:
calculated in accordance with the results of skin is 1000 +300; if it is calculated according to the center line :1000-D / 2-d +135 / 360 * 3.14 * (D / 2 + d / 2) * 2 +300, where D is the specification to take the minimum radius of 2.5d, this time behind the formulas used by the results of the previous formula is: 1.87d ≈ 1.9d.
beam when there are two hanging bars do?
information in the input box with hanging bars The beam width of the back of the sub-one correspondence in accordance with hanging bars, such as input into the 250/300 (2B22 beam width corresponds to 250; 2B25 beam width corresponding to 300)
bearing on both sides of the beam in the middle of the bar is not at the same time, the software is how to handle it?
bearing on both sides of the beam in the middle of the bar is not the same time, we have the right software directly into the current cross-bearing negative reinforcement and negative reinforcement the next inter-bearing reinforced left. Software to calculate the principle is reinforced on both sides of the same bearing, through; a difference in the anchorage; determine the principle is the same as the input format is adopted, a difference in the anchorage. Negative reinforcement at right bearing for the 5B22, the next cross-bearing negative reinforcement for the left-5B22 +2 B20, the five reinforced by bearing 22, two anchoring the bearing 20.
variable section beams in software is how to handle it?
in software, variable cross-section beams were divided into two:
1, when the height difference of> 1 / 6 of the beam is high, regardless of the format is the same on both sides, both sides of the bar all by anchoring calculated. Bending length is 15d + elevation.
2, when the height difference of <1 / 6 of the beam is high, reinforced by bearing different judgments on both sides of the conditions for processing.
If the frame column concrete strength to change how we handle column longitudinal reinforcement?
If the frame column concrete strength to change the column longitudinal reinforcement of the deal are two cases:
1, if the column longitudinal reinforcement using electroslag welding, press the top column strength grade of concrete to set;
2, if the column longitudinal reinforcement lap banding used, for example, 1 to 2 layer C45, 3 ~ 10 layers for the C35, the column to be separated to create two components: one for the C45, as 3 layer, but only enter the member section 3-layer size and storey purpose is to keep the top layer 2 calculated as the anchor; another component to establish 1 to 10 layers, 1 to 2 layers only enter the member section size and storey, reinforced Information Since the 3 layers start typing, so that you can solve the problem.
circular column spiral reinforcement per meter length of the formula: L = N (P * P + (D-2b + do) ^ 2 * π ^ 2) ^ 0.5 + the length of the two hook
where:
N = screw turns, N = L / P (L length of the circular column for the component length)
P = pitch
D = diameter
do = spiral structures
b = diameter of steel protective layer.
Also:
theoretical mass = steel reinforcement length * The quality of steel per meter mass = total consumption
steel reinforcement theory of quality * [1 + bar ( iron) loss rate]
quality calculation shortcut bar theory:
theory of quality steel bar diameter = square (in mm) * 0.00617
Second, CAD, word, excel conversion between.
one, CAD graphics or tables copied to WORD, EXCEL steps
1, change the CAD system variables WMFBKGND is OFF, make the background transparent CAD,
if you want to copy in black and white graphics can be in the Layer Manager, which the layer color to white (7);
2, select the graphic you want to copy, use the
3, switch to the WORD or EXCEL, activation need to paste the area, and then select
4, paste the original results as shown;
5, using the ;
6, the effect of cutting and scaled as shown;
7, such as graphics need to be modified, press the CAD Drawing to be modified to return to;
EXCEL approach also copied to the above.
Second, WORD, EXCEL graphs or tables copied to the CAD step
1, select the need to copy the graphic or table, use the
2, switch to the CAD program, and then select
3, select Paste as
4, choose Paste the insertion point, as shown after the effect of paste;
5, lines or text after paste can be edited directly in the CAD, as shown below;
CAD to the Office to add a few: CAD map pasted into Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Publisher can use this method.
1, line width - the proposed multi-segment line to set the line width, because the width width width of only two post-paste, not pretty;
2, the proportion of the problem - if possible, maximize the use of 1:1 drawing, where the ratio of 1:1 is printed, that is, the need to print to 10mm,
graphics to draw into 10 units, both to control the map scale, but also can control the line width;
3, background Colors - 2002 in the layout of the space (the background of the general layout of the space is white) copy, 2004,2005,2006 copied directly on the line, no need to modify the background color.
three clear contracting construction projects price
template :19-23 Yuan / square meter (sticky gray surface) -
concrete :38-41 Yuan / Li, -
reinforced :310-420 yuan / ton, or 10-13 yuan / m2-
masonry :55-70 Yuan / Li. -
plaster :7-15 yuan / square meter (not net of door and window openings, do not include ride demolition scaffolding) -
tile paste 18/m2.-
room floor tile (600 * 600) 15 yuan / square meter, -
baseboard: 3 yuan / m, -
room wall: 25 yuan / square meter (including the chamfered) -
stone staircase: 28 yuan / square meters, stepping board edging: 10 yuan / m. -
gypsum board ceiling: 20 yuan (flat roof) Lvkou Ban hanging items: 25 yuan / square meter, -
Taiwan cut off squatting :120-300 / rub bit. -
white latex paint: 6 yuan / square meter. -
outside the wall: 43 yuan / square meter, -
wall hanging mushroom: 50 yuan / square meters. -
roof battens: 13 yuan / square meter. -
Plumbing: 9 yuan / square meter (floor space) -
electrical lighting components: 6 yuan / square meters. -
woodworking :18-24 Yuan / square meter (sticky gray surface), carpentry 35-50 yuan / m2, -
Jia Zigong 5.5 yuan / m2, -
real estate construction costs (based on square meter operator) -
-
1, pile foundation (if any): 70 ~ 100 yuan / square meter; -
2, bar: 40 ~ 75KG / square meter (multi-layer content was lower, the higher level content), or 160 ~ 300 yuan / square meter; -
3, Concrete: 0.3 to 0.5 cubic meters / square meter (multi-layer content was lower, the higher level content), or 100 to 165 yuan / square meter; -
4, masonry works: 60 ~ 120 yuan / square meter (multi-layer high content, high content of low );-
5, plaster works: 25 to 40 yuan / square meter; -
6, exterior works (including insulation): 50 ~ 100 yuan / square meter (in general as the standard coating, such as stone or wall, it may be as high as 300 to 1000 yuan / square meter; -
7, the indoor installation of water (including fire): 60 ~ 120 yuan / square meter (at district level, multi-layer slightly lower );-
8, roof project: 15 ~ 30 Yuan / square meter (multi-layer high content, high content of low );-
9, doors and windows (excluding entry door): windows and doors per square meter of floor space area of about 0.25 to 0.5 square meters (with high-end design and are closely related to a larger proportion of high-grade), cost 90 ~ 300 yuan / square meter, generally 90 to 150 yuan / square meter, such as the use of high-grade aluminum windows and doors, you may reach 300 yuan / square meter; -
10, earth, entry door, flue and public parts of decoration: 30 to 150 yuan / square meter (high and low quality relationship with the community great, the higher the grade, the higher cost );-
11, basement (if any): increased cost of 40 ~ 100 yuan / square meter (multi-layer high content, high content of low );-
12, Elevator Engineering Company (if any): 40 ~ 200 yuan / square meter, and the grade of the elevator, the elevator and the floor to set the number of how many have great relations, general engineering is about 100 yuan / square meter; -
13, labor costs: 130 to 200 yuan / square meter; -
14, Outdoor matching projects: 30 ~ 300 yuan / square meter, generally about 70 to 100 yuan / square meter; -
15, templates, support, scaffold engineering (costs): 70 ~ 150 yuan / square meter; -
16, tower cranes, people and goods lifts, lifts and other various types of construction machinery, etc. (the total cost of about 5 to 8%: about 60 ~ 90 Yuan / square meter; -
17, the temporary facilities (living area, office area, warehouse, road, field other temporary facilities (water, electricity, sewage, images, and other production plant shelf space): 30 ~ 50 Yuan / square meter; - ;
18, testing, testing, procedures, transportation, communication and other expenses: 10 ~ 30 Yuan / square meter; -
19, contractor management fees, materials, labor, profits and other costs (about 10%): the sum of the above * 10% = 90 ~ 180 yuan / square meter; -
20, various taxes and fees paid to the state (the total cost of 3.3 ~ 3.5%): 33 ~ 70 Yuan / square meter, high-end may be as high as 100 yuan / square meter. -
not counted more than decoration, usually cost about 1000 ~ 2000 yuan / square meter, high-end residential up to 3,500 yuan. Above do not include some of the corruption caused by state-owned enterprises development costs. The decor is generally 500 to 1,500 yuan / square meter, depending on grade level, there are 300 yuan / square meter Jianzhuang Xiu, more 3,000 to 10,000 yuan / square meter ultra high-end renovation (bag check.) -
21, design fees (including fees during the initial design concept): 15 ~ 100 yuan / square meter; -
22, supervision fees: 3 to 30 yuan / square meter; -
23, advertising, planning, sales agents fees: generally 30 to 200 yuan / square meter, the higher up to 500 yuan / square meters; -
24, the land cost: general second-tier urban areas (the old rural areas) is 70 ~ 100 million / acre, floor area ratio is generally 1.0 to 2.0, so the conversion rate is: 525 ~ 1500 yuan / sq m, the urban center generally is 200 yuan / mu, conversion rates are: 1500 ~ 3000 yuan / sq m, the core region up to 300 yuan / mu, the land cost more unilateral; first-tier cities and even up to 20,000 yuan / square meter unilateral cost of the land above; third-tier cities, counties and other unilateral lower cost of land, usually 100 to 500 yuan / square meter, there are up to 2,000 yuan / square meters of the situation; -
25, land taxes and pre-fee, generally about 15% of land costs, second-tier cities is generally 100 to 500 yuan / square meters, the local standards are not the same. -
Conclusion: The basic construction cost is fixed, even if we do not accept the relocation of the Housing section of land, construction of the national minimum standards, the cost is difficult to less than 1,000 yuan / square meter. In fact, the multi-ordinary housing, and Chien costs about 1,200 yuan / square meters, a small high-rise and high-level general commercial, and Chien cost about 1500 ~ 1800 yuan / square meters, the higher the grade, the higher the cost. Can be none other key is: the district level, the land to the government to pay part of the local government fees and taxes, advertising, sale of part of the cost of planning, renovation costs. In addition, the developer of the development of quality there is a certain relationship, If you always keep the prices down, quality is to be worse; private developers than the state / government developers indeed lower the cost, mainly two reasons, first, most of the private enterprises are mainly oriented to efficiency, cost control some better general, and second, the cost of private enterprise corruption is relatively lower. Whatever the reason, up and down with the quality of the area will not exceed the cost of 100 to 200 yuan / square meter. -
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the basis of common sense 12, need 64 square wall of a standard brick wall
18 a square requires 96 standard brick wall
24 standards require 128 a square brick wall
37 a square to be the standard for the 192 a square brick wall to be
49 256 standard brick
block formula:
wall unit dosage of 240 cubic meters of 1 / (0.24 * 0.12 * 0.6)
; wall unit dosage of 370 cubic meters of 1 / (0.37 * 0.12 * 0.6)
hollow wall 24 need more than 80 square blocks of a standard brick
A civil engineer should have the data (transfer)
one, the amount of ordinary residential buildings of concrete and steel weight:
1, multi-storey masonry house:
reinforced concrete 0.3-0.33m3/m2
30KG/m2
2, multi-frame
reinforced concrete 0.33-0.35m3/m2
38-42KG/m2
; 3, 11-12 layers of small high-rise concrete 0.35m3
reinforced 50-52KG/m2
/ m2
4, 17-18 senior level
reinforced 54-60KG/m2
Concrete 0.36m3/m2
5, 30-story high-level H = 94 米
reinforced 65-75KG/m2
concrete 0.42-0.47m3/m2
6, 28-story high-rise apartments
H = 90 米65-70KG/m2
reinforced concrete 0.38-0.42m3/m2
7, Villa between consumption and the amount of concrete multi-storey steel and high-level masonry home 11-12 over the data layer
7 degree earthquake zone rules by design
II , ordinary multi-storey residential building construction budget economic indicators
1, outdoor windows (not including cell door, security door) area of the floor area of 0.20-0.24
2, total construction area of 2.2 template area around
3, the outdoor area of the floor area of plaster about 0.4
4, interior plaster area of the construction area 3.8
Third, the construction efficiency
1, a plaster plaster work day in the 35 square meters
; 2, a red brick brickwork 1000-1800 day puzzle pieces
3, a hollow brick brickwork day puzzle pieces
800-1000 4, the tiles 15 square meters
5, 300 square meters of first pass scraping white / day, and the second over 180 square meters / day, the third time calendar 90 square meters / day
four basic data
1, concrete weight 2500KG/m3
2, steel per meter Weight 0.00617 * d * d
3, dry sand weight 1500KG/m3, wet sand weight 1700KG/m3
4, stone Weight 2200KG/m3
5, one cubic meter of about 525 bricks (sub thickness of the wall)
6, one cubic meter hollow brick 175 or so
7, screening 1.3 one side clean sand to be a little different point of view of ordinary sand
:
1, ordinary multi-storey residential masonry: steel 25-30KG/m2, including affordable housing for the 16--18KG/m2.
2, ordinary multi-storey masonry houses, outdoor wiping gray area of the floor area of 0.5 - 0.7.
3, ordinary multi-storey masonry residential area of the building area template 1.3 - 2.2, according to the number of cast panels, a large column density.
4, a brick wall brickwork 1000-1800 240 puzzle pieces one day, 370 or 500 Wall 2000 - 3000 block.
5, reinforced concrete weight 2200KG/m3, plain concrete weight 2100KG/m3.
6, project stone weight 1800KG/m3. )
0.617 is the weight per meter of reinforced round of 10. Steel weight and diameter (radius) proportional to the square.
G = 0.617 * D * D/100
weight per meter (Kg) = bar diameter (mm) × diameter steel bars (mm) × 0.00617
in fact remember the weight of steel commonly used in construction projects is also very simple φ6 = 0.222 Kg φ6.5 = 0.26kg φ8 = 0.395kg φ10 = 0.617kg φ12 = 0.888kg Φ14 = 1.21kg Φ16 = 1.58kg Φ18 = 2.0kg Φ24 = 2.47kgΦ22 = 2.98kgΦ25 = 3.85kgΦ28 = 4.837kg ............
Φ12 (with 12) the following, and Φ28 (including 28) of the steel generally take three digits after the decimal point, Φ14 Φ25 reinforced to take two digits after the decimal point generally
Φ6 = 0.222Kg
Φ8 = 0.395Kg
Φ10 = 0.617Kg
; Φ12 = 0.888Kg
Φ14 = 1.21Kg
Φ16 = 1.58Kg
Φ18 = 2Kg
Φ20 = 2.47Kg
Φ22 = 3Kg
; Φ25 = 3.86Kg
formula I have the experience, you calculate a table on it. Forms can also go to buy a book with them is also very convenient.
theoretical weight of steel materials, simply type the name of
theoretical weight W (kg / m)
; flat steel, steel sheet, strip W = 0.00785 × width × thickness
square steel W = 0.00785 × side length 2
round bar, wire rod, steel wire W = 0.00617 × diameter 2
steel wall thickness W = 0.02466 × (OD - Wall Thickness)
; other side edge angle W = 0.00785 × thickness (2 edge width - edge thickness)
unequal angle W = 0.00785 × edge thickness (L short side edge width + width - edge thickness)
beam waist W = 0.00785 × thickness [high + f (leg width - waist thick)]
channel W = 0.00785 × waist thick [high + e (leg width - waist thick)]
Notes
1 , angle steel, channel steel I-beam and the exact formula is complex, and the table used to calculate the approximate simplified.
2, f values: general models and with a, 3.34, 2.65 with b, with c, was 2.26.
3, e values: general models and with a, 3.26, 2.44 with b, with c, 2.24.
4, the length of the units are in millimeters
First, the amount of ordinary residential buildings of concrete and steel capacity:
; 1, multi-Masonry Residential:
30KG/m2
reinforced concrete 0.3-0.33m3/m2
2, multi-storey concrete frame
reinforced 38-42KG/m2
0.33-0.35 m3/m2
3, 11-12 high-rise concrete layer
reinforced 50-52KG/m2
0.35m3/m2
4, 17-18 senior level
reinforced 54-60KG/m2
concrete 0.36m3/m2
5, 30-story high-level H = 94 米
65-75KG/m2
reinforced concrete 0.42-0.47m3/m2
6, 28-story high-rise apartments H = 90 米
65-70KG/m2
reinforced concrete 0.38-0.42m3/m2
7, villas, and the amount of concrete between steel consumption and high-level multi-storey residential masonry layer 11-12
7 degrees above the data zone rules by seismic design
Second, ordinary multi-storey residential building construction budget economic indicators
1, outside doors and windows (not including cell door, security door) area of the floor area of 0.20-0.24
2, total construction area of 2.2 template area around
3, the outdoor area of the floor area of plaster about 0.4
4, interior plaster total construction area of 3.8
area of the three, the construction efficiency
1 , a plaster plaster work day in the 35 square meters
2, a red brick brickwork 1000-1800 day puzzle pieces
3, a hollow brick brickwork 800-1000 day puzzle pieces
4, 15 square meters of ceramic tile
5, 300 square meters of first pass scraping white / day, and the second over 180 square meters / day, the third time calendar of 90 square meters / day
four basic data
1, concrete weight 2500KG/m3
2, the weight of steel per meter 0.00617 * d * d
3, dry sand weight 1500KG/m3, wet sand weight 1700KG/m3
4, stone weight 2200KG/m3
5, one cubic meter of red about 525 bricks (sub thickness of the wall)
6, one cubic meter of about 175 hollow brick
7, screen clean sand to be 1.3 square one ordinary sand
Some of the decoration formula 1, to tile amount of: (Note general different in different chamber loss rate of about 1-5%)
amount per meter = 100 / [(length + Gray Block material fracture width) × (W + mortar joint block material W)] × (1 + loss rate)
such as selection of retro tile specification 0.5 × 0.5M, patchwork width 0.002M, loss rate of 1%, 100 square meters, the number of blocks required to:
100 square meters of consumption = 100 / [(0.5 +0.002) × (0.5 +0.002) × (1 +0.01) is approximately equal to 401 total =
tiles tiles tiles number × price
2, the ceiling amount:
the amount of ceiling panels = (long - long shielded) × (W - wide screen)
such as size of area to calculate the net ceiling of the amount of PVC plastic. PVC plastic board price is 50.81 yuan per square meter, shielding length, width are 0.24M, ceiling length 3M, width of 4.5M, the amount is as follows:
ceiling board amount = (3-0.24) × (4.5- 0.24) approximately equal to 11.76 per square meter
3, the amount of packages door:
package outside the door frame material amount = length × width
example outside the box (pictured) package with a composite wood door, door frame length 2.7M, width of 1.5M, then the amount of material is as follows:
bag door material consumption = 2.7 × 1.5 = 4.05 平方米
4, wallpapers dosage:
Wallpaper amount = (High - Shielded length) × (W - Screen width) × wall a few - the door area - window area
example (pictured) to net size area of the wall, shielding the 24CM, wall height 2.5M, width 5M, gate area of 2.8 square meters, the window area of 3.6 square meters, the amount is as follows:
Wallpaper amount = [(2.5-0.24) × (5-0.24)] × 4-2.8-3.6 approximately equal to 36.6 square meters more than in part
with the feeding amount of calculation, according to the decoration of the parts one by one with their respective unit prices multiplied by the cumulative feeding amount, to draw a total renovation cost of materials.
5, the floor amount of: (solid)
amount = room length of the vertical / horizontal brick length
amount = room width / tile width
case will not go, use the binary method, not rounded, but the vertical is less than half a calculation of height, more than half a calculated one. total = total amount of floor
× unit price
loss = floor area of the floor - the floor housing area
loss loss rate = floor / living space
Note: General floor loss rate of less than 5%
6, wall-wall-material consumption
determined varieties of materials, according to a reasonable size room area of the materials used to calculate the size, taking into account the possible loss of construction, than the actual amount of 5% buy . Wall-material calculated in two ways:
1. To formula, is about 2.5 times the size of the room, and their product is the number of wall-material. Materials such as 20 square meters room for the 20 × 2.5 = 50m. There is also a more accurate formula:
S = (L / M + 1) (H + h) + C / M
where: S - wall-materials required length (m)
L - deduction of windows, doors and walls after the total length (m)
M - wall-material width (m), plus a margin as a mosaic pattern;
H - required wall-material height (m)
h - two of the same pattern of wall-material distance (m)
C - windows, doors and wall-down area needed (m)
2. field measurements, this method is more accurate selection of wall-material required to understand the width, and so measure the width of the room walls (except for doors, windows and other parts) of the perimeter, there are several in the perimeter wall-material width, that is to be affixed to pieces. Then what should be the amount of wall-height, as multiplied by the number of frames, that is, doors, windows and other parts of the wall material required for wall-length (m). Finally, this measurement is still under the window walls, irregular corners, etc. The length of the required materials, it has been calculated with the length of the sum, is the total length. This method is more suitable for crushing patterns, stitching without having particular bit of wall-material.
7, paint consumption estimation method
describes a simple method:
room area (square meters) divided by 4, the walls need painting height (decimetre) divided by 4, two is the sum of those required Deshu kilograms of paint. For example, a room area of 20 square meters, the wall height is 16 decimetre (except 12 decimetre dado), then, is (20 ÷ 4) + (16 ÷ 4) = 9, ie 9 kg paint can paint the walls of two times.
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