Housing security is the focus of today's social and livelihood issues. Central and levels of government have attached great importance to many times the introduction of red tape. But still slow.
the core challenges is the existing housing security are often directly by the Government to come forward. But in fact affordable housing should not come forward by the government, the government can through the issuance of housing subsidies, low-interest loans and guarantees, etc. to be financed, but should not come forward could not direct the construction and management of housing. The Government does not have the social division of labor, there is no capacity in this area. Tender commission of private developers have many problems, easily lead to corruption and inefficiency, but also with the inherent conflict of commodity housing market.
ice lies, we can follow the U.S. Federal Housing Authority (FHA), Korea, Korea National Housing Corporation (KNHC), the United Kingdom and Sweden, the municipal housing company, in the existing Housing Authority on the basis of around , re-established full-time protection of the public housing authority - renovation, the implementation of the central funds of the regional dispersion management and project management, the establishment of provincial and city branches, registration and housing needs of sorting applications, offers for sale, leasing, property maintenance services.
set up full-time public housing the company's significance is that because it is full-time duty-bound to protect the development of housing which is sustainable, and not as government policy shifts and changes in a moment. Because it is a professional,bailey UGG boots, have the operational capacity, efficiency is guaranteed.
on China's housing supply system I made a vision.
a housing system module
the demand side for housing, for the different groups have different housing programs, where the family income level according to four categories from low to high: the lowest income families, low-income families, middle income families, high-income families. The ratio of about 2:2:3:3.
the supply side for housing here can be divided into two categories: the establishment of the National Public Housing Group, two private developers. The former system of the existing housing fund based on the set up. For the former central and local governments should have the support of the initial capital and preferential policies (fiscal and land), the latter to conduct supervision and support.
countries (regions) of public housing construction and management company responsible for the low-rent housing, public rental housing,UGG boots cheap, limited property rights of public housing. These are affordable housing, available only to the lowest income and middle-income families, is an important means to solve the housing crisis. Other parts of the housing for mainly by developers.
Second, affordable housing management
1, low-cost housing and public rental housing rent not for sale. Cancel or consistently in affordable housing limited property rights to housing, to hold at least 10 years of selling, such as a government must give the original price of the sale to repurchase, if the market price lower than the original buy-back at market prices.
2, affordable housing only for 20-30% of people without housing or housing difficulties, with the increase of national income, real estate market to gradually increase the coverage.
3, public rental housing is divided into short and long term,cheap UGG boots, the former for low-income families and elderly lonely people, who just graduated from college students and for the flow of new immigrants intercourse big cities.
4, affordable housing supply system to follow the U.S. Federal Housing Authority (FHA) and South Korea, Korea National Housing Corporation (KNHC). Formation of full-time protection of the public housing authority - Responsible for the protection of the public housing sell, rent, maintenance and repair work.
5, protection of the public housing sites close to downtown as possible, there is a mature community services and property management, transportation, education and other public goods, fully furnished.
6, and actively cultivate rental market, a clear system of barriers, such as education, urban school system and children account for renters constraints, the implementation of rental income, tax benefits cuts, and vigorously encourage the private sector specifically for low end rental housing investment.
Third, housing finance system
1, for housing development finance, commodity housing development in order to provide liquidity loans to commercial banks mainly active and steadily try to REITS and other forms of housing finance innovations . Financing for affordable housing to local governments at all levels, mainly from the financial investment and the central burden of interest payments on loans. Another major source of housing accumulation fund system - the future of the National Housing Bank or other forms of policy bank's low-interest loans. Good housing conditions, construction and operation of local public housing fund center mainly rely on low-interest loans. Relied on relatively poor areas of local government financing and provision of low land.
2, the housing provident fund involved in the housing supply chain, mainly through the construction and operation of public housing to provide low-interest loans. Housing Fund of The But there are At the same time from the perspective of sustainable development should also be recycled.
3, the public housing sector to implement guaranteed operating profit, low-rent housing rent in accordance with marginal use cost (capital costs borne by the state), public rental housing rent according to the total cost (including capital costs), may sell a limited in accordance with the principle of public housing property profit pricing. However, if the public housing sector as a whole operating income can not cover operating costs long-term, after a rigorous audit, special subsidies from the Government every five years to write off once.
4, the housing consumption of commercial mortgage loans in financing, housing provident fund loans, portfolio loans and housing allowances of four modes. Mortgage loans provided by commercial banks occupy the center of housing finance, high interest rates, mainly for the purchase of high-income groups in need. Housing fund to provide low-interest loans and loan portfolio for the fund in the low-income families, the interest rate concessions,UGG bailey button, became an important part of housing finance. The government will offer low-income housing subsidies constitute a particularly low-income families meet their basic housing consumption, an important source of funding.
5, need to develop commercial mortgage loans, commercial mortgage loans in the current individual has reached 12% of GDP, but compared to international standards, is still high. However, has reached more than 20% long-term, liquidity risk and gradually show, be careful advance loan securitization.
6, the lowest income families rely mainly on central government subsidies granted to public rental housing, low-rent housing. This prevents regional efforts to protect the financial gap to bring the excessive differentiation. Middle-income families rely on family income to afford the rent of public rental housing, housing subsidies play a supporting role. Middle-income families can apply for public rental housing, but due to excessive income in principle to housing allowance.
7, the low-and middle-income families to consider buying a limited property rights of public housing. As a housing provident fund participants, and can only apply for fund can apply for loans to purchase limited property rights of public housing. Lenders can fund loans to income, family structure and the purchase of housing in the area offer different interest rates, duration, ratio of different down payment. A combination of commercial loans and fund loans, limited the face of low-end housing.
8, the housing provident fund requires the participation of middle and high income earners to get a wider range of sources. Even without considering the supporting units of 1:1, duty-free treatment also was able to make housing fund for their strong appeal. And can be used to allow high-income fund to pay high rent for rent.
9, can be considered or a combination of loan securitization fund, to accelerate cash flow, exaggerating the sources of funding. European model, especially the Danish model of securitization of housing loans can be used as reference.
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